What should a vessel do when encountering another vessel head-on?

When two vessels are approaching each other head-on, the proper action is for both vessels to alter their course to starboard, which is the right side when facing forward. This maneuver allows for safe passage and reduces the risk of collision. By both vessels steering to the right, they create a more predictable navigation path.

Navigational rules, such as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), emphasize the importance of taking appropriate action to avoid collisions and maintain safety on the water. Altering course to starboard is a standard procedure in maritime navigation and helps ensure that both vessels can pass safely without any misunderstandings or miscalculations regarding their paths.

The other options do not provide effective strategies for avoiding potential collisions. Stopping one vessel while the other proceeds could lead to confusion regarding right-of-way and may not resolve the situation effectively. Maintaining speed could lead to a collision if neither vessel yields, while backing up is not a recommended maneuver for navigating out of an oncoming situation, as it can create additional hazards and complicate the situation further.