In which mode does a vessel have a raised bow and create a large wake?

The mode in which a vessel has a raised bow and creates a large wake is when it is in plowing mode. In this mode, the boat is generally moving at a speed that is not sufficient for planing but faster than displacement speeds, which results in the bow being elevated above the waterline. The hull pushes against the water, creating significant resistance. As the vessel moves forward, this resistance leads to the formation of a large wake, characteristic of a vessel not quite transitioning to planing mode but not operating in a traditional displacement mode either.

In contrast, planing mode occurs when the boat reaches a high enough speed that it rises onto the surface of the water, reducing drag and wake. Displacement mode refers to a slower speed where the boat smoothly displaces water without creating a large wake, while steering mode isn’t a recognized operation mode but rather a term related to navigation and control. Thus, plowing mode is distinctly characterized by the combination of bow elevation and large wake generation.